ABSTRACT
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) constitute a global policy vision with several challenges including inherent trade-offs between economic, social and environmental objectives. Despite their integrated vision, implementing the 2030 Agenda often leads to conflicts, such as between economic growth and environmental sustainability or clean energy and responsible consumption. These trade-offs are both technical and political, driven by competing interests from various stakeholders. Effective governance is required to navigate these tensions, transform conflicts into synergies and ensure balanced, integrated policymaking. Addressing these trade-offs is essential to minimize negative impacts and support the comprehensive achievement of the SDGs.
