ABSTRACT
Philosophical tools have been widely used in the history of Christian Theology. I argue that this usage can be defended against the objections to epistemic foundationalism and the problem of epistemic circularity. With respect to the laws of logic and the proven equations of mathematics, I demonstrate that our knowledge of these follows from a correct understanding of the meanings of the terms which is presupposed by skepticism concerning these instances of understanding. This provides a non-epistemically circular justification that our understanding of these is correct. I have also shown that a non-epistemically circular Modus Tollens Argument can be offered for the Causal Principle. By using the Causal Principle, the laws of logic, and the proven equations of mathematics, it can be deduced via the Cosmological Argument that there exists a Divine First Cause. I also highlight some considerations which indicate that the First Cause created for a good and nondeceptive purpose. Given that the existence of such a good Creator God is already sufficient to explain the world of our experience, following Ockham’s razor one should reject the Radical Skeptical hypotheses. Finally, I show how Radical Skepticism concerning memory can be addressed.
