ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the evolving concept of academic freedom in the context of the international development of mutual collaboration between universities. In this analysis, the legal, institutional, and geopolitical challenges are discussed considering the recent accentuation of the rule of law crisis in EU countries. Based on an analysis of judgements from the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union, it discusses how academic freedom is protected both as an individual right, as well as an institutional one. Lastly, it emphasises the limitations of the current legal instruments and the need to redefine academic freedom in the context of intensified international collaboration, funding conditionality, and language requirements.
