ABSTRACT
This chapter offers an overview of the evolution of peacebuilding from its conception through the stages of its historical development until the recent loss of consensus. Starting from a description of the concept, this chapter focuses on the path following its institutionalization with the UN Agenda for Peace around a liberal conception. The main features of the ‘liberal peace’ paradigm are presented by drawing from the extensive literature on the topic. At the same time, through the mention of cases of emblematic failures, their criticalities are brought to light. Specific attention is dedicated to the ‘turns’ that peacebuilding underwent in the last decade to cope with its declining credibility. The final part engages with the most recent debates around the crisis of Western peacebuilding and the demise of the liberal peace model. Drawing from recent research, strategic documents from international organizations, and available evidence, a case is made concerning the revival of liberal narratives and the tenure of liberal visions of peace in light of increased competition by authoritarian powers, especially following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
