ABSTRACT
This chapter explores Nepal’s unique strategies and experiences as a small state during the Cold War, navigating the geopolitical tensions between major global powers and its immediate neighbours, India and China. It examines Nepal’s responses to critical events, including the annexation of Tibet, the Sino-Indian War, the Khampa rebellion and the annexation of Sikkim, highlighting its pragmatic approach to survival through neutrality, non-alignment and strategic balancing. This chapter also delves into the interplay of foreign aid politics, the Panchayat system and the influence of global powers such as the USA, China and India on Nepal’s domestic and foreign policies. By analysing Nepal’s diplomatic manoeuvring amidst Cold War rivalries and its advocacy for sovereignty and international peace, including initiatives like the “Zone of Peace” proposal, this chapter underscores the resilience and agency of small states in navigating the complexities of an anarchic international system. Through this lens, Nepal’s Cold War experiences serve as a compelling case study for understanding small state strategies in international relations.
