ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the regulatory frameworks governing hydrogen valleys and hubs, emphasising their role as mechanisms to foster a hydrogen economy. It explores the evolution of these concepts as well as the regulatory, policy, and legal challenges and opportunities associated with hydrogen production, storage, and utilisation across various sectors. Through a mapping of key stakeholders, from producers and infrastructure operators to end-users and regulators, the chapter analyses the complex web of relationships including contractual relationships that underpin these ecosystems, identifying critical legal instruments needed for their successful operation. By analysing hydrogen valleys, the chapter provides insights into how legal instruments can facilitate or hinder the development of these “micro hydrogen eco-systems.” A significant focus is placed on the comparative legal analysis, examining the approaches in the EU and US to highlight the strategies, incentives, policies and frameworks employed. The chapter also underscores the importance of collaboration between different industries and stakeholders to create a cohesive legal environment that supports innovation and accelerates the transition to a low-carbon economy. The analysis encompasses both public and private law dimensions, exploring how contractual frameworks and regulatory requirements must align to enable effective stakeholder coordination and risk allocation within hydrogen valleys/hubs.
