ABSTRACT
Chapter 5 describes that in a world shaped by mobility and multiple citizenships, traditional notions of belonging are evolving. While transnational identities and virtual connections expand, local identities remain vital for grounding individuals in physical spaces. Cities, as hubs of diversity and dynamism, are increasingly central to fostering inclusion and belonging, especially as nation-states struggle to address global and local challenges simultaneously. Urban rituals play a crucial role in creating inclusive cities by offering symbolic acts of welcome and legitimacy. These rituals help bridge the gap between mobile populations and static urban environments, fostering a sense of belonging that transcends legal or national boundaries. This chapter argues that rituals – whether spontaneous or institutionalised – can counteract exclusionary tendencies by promoting shared experiences and collective identity. However, inclusion is not automatic. It requires intentional policies that recognise diversity as a strength and avoid assimilationist or ghettoizing approaches. Cities must invest in rituals that are open-ended, emotionally engaging and adaptable to changing demographics. The chapter highlights the importance of local identity references, which are more accessible and meaningful than abstract national identities, especially in post-migratory societies where plural identities are the norm.
