ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces the core principles of quantitative research methodology in the social sciences from a post-positivist perspective. It explains how researchers formulate hypotheses and gather numerical data through structured techniques such as surveys and experiments, then apply statistical tests to draw inferences. Classic quantitative designs are discussed alongside modern digital advancements like online survey platforms and big-data analytics, demonstrating how technology has expanded the scale and reach of quantitative studies. Key issues of sampling, measurement, and generalizability are highlighted, noting that while digital tools enable larger and more diverse datasets, they also pose new challenges related to data quality and privacy. The chapter lays the foundation for understanding how rigorous quantitative approaches contribute to evidence-based social science research.
