ABSTRACT
This chapter presents case study research as a qualitative methodology focusing on in-depth analysis of bounded “cases” in a real-life context. It begins with theoretical foundations, contrasting positivist approaches (e.g., Yin’s structured design emphasizing hypotheses and generalization) with interpretivist perspectives (Stake and Merriam’s naturalistic, narrative-rich case studies). The chapter outlines methodological steps for conducting case studies: defining the case and its boundaries, choosing single- versus multiple-case designs, and using multiple data sources (interviews, observations, documents, etc.) to ensure triangulation. Typical applications are discussed, such as organizational case studies and evaluations of policy implementations. Special attention is given to how case studies operate in digital inquiry (examining online platforms or communities) and how they bridge theory and practice. Strengths (contextual holism and depth) and challenges (limited generalizability and resource intensity) of case study research are also addressed.
