I

This chapter has a single entry but is quite long, namely, Indigenous peoples’ land rights. This issue has been a key element in land politics in the past and at present. However, in the past, this has not really occupied a centre-stage in agrarian studies, at least not in the same degree or prominence that other types of land politics had received, such as land reform or forestland. There are two of the main reasons why the Indigenous peoples’ land rights has surged in popularity today in academic, policy circles, and political activist communities. On the one hand is the surging resistance from among Indigenous peoples to encroachment into their territory of extractivist capitalist enterprises (mining, etc.). On the other hand is the emerging climate change mitigation and adaptation initiatives in which Indigenous peoples and their territory are seen to have a great potential for such initiatives through projects like carbon sequestration and trade.