ABSTRACT
Framing effects are the effects of being exposed to frames, and these frames are the results of the interactive production process that involves both stakeholders and journalists. In this chapter we review which factors affect this process and identify which conditions lead to more, or less, journalistic agency in the framing process. We provide examples of studies with different degrees of journalistic agency, and we provide an example, focusing on conflict framing, of how journalists and stakeholders both affect the framing of politics in the news.
