ABSTRACT
We study news framing effects because we assume that they have real-life consequences for people’s opinions and behavior. This chapter assesses two questions: How strong are the effects that we are finding in scholarly research in real-life contexts, and how can we best measure effects to mirror “real life” as much as possible? This area of news framing effects is still in development. Based on literature that is available, as well as our own data, we provide initial guidelines as to how to design a duration study. We propose that the development of a study depends on which type of news framing effects are tested and on what moderators are included, as well as on some practical study design decisions. Since most of the literature in this book is based on experimental research, we again turn our attention to questions on how we can use this method to test for duration.
