ABSTRACT
During the first half of 1948, negotiations between the Netherlands and the Republic stagnated while Van Mook frantically continued to form federal states. The Republic had been weakened and humiliated by both the military attack in July 1947 and the Renville Agreement of January 1948. Clashes continued relentlessly along the Van Mook lines. As a result of the economic blockade by Dutch ships, shortages of clothing and medicine increased in the Republic. And in the meantime, new antagonisms were emerging in Yogyakarta, Solo and Madiun between politicians and between soldiers, culminating in a bloody civil war that brought the Republic to the brink of collapse. 1
