ABSTRACT
In October 1881, Ottoman authorities granted Schliemann a new permit to continue his excavations at Hisarlık. In a supplement to this firman, he later received permission to explore the Troad plain as well. This enabled him to carry out ‘excavations on any other site of the Troad.’ Schliemann’s impressive ability to obtain diplomatic support for his ventures had once again yielded rich rewards. This time it was the intervention of the powerful German chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898) that enabled Schliemann to obtain a permit under extremely liberal conditions, 1 as he profited from the increasingly close ties between the Ottomans and the German Empire in the 1880s.
