This chapter presents a number of theories of organizational development (OD) and cases of organizational reform. It examines how decision-making processes differ from country to country. Public organizations are constantly required to reform not only to improve their performances but also for political reasons. This is why changing an organization for better performance is one of the most popular topics for organization scholars. The chapter focuses on three approaches to tackling organizational reform. The first approach to organizational reform often refers to a structural change within an organization. Second, scholars propose an organization reform to change the employees' work attitude and behaviour, and even social relationships. Third is the approach that focuses closely on employees work. One of the most widespread approaches to increase an organization's performance is training its employees. OD focuses on improving collective work potential of organizational members, but this approach does not guarantee public organizations' higher performance.