ABSTRACT
ELEMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Job Specialization
Departmentalization Centralization and Decentralization
Span of Control
COMMON ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES Simple Structure
Bureaucracy INTERNATIONAL Focus On Bureaucracies: The Red Tide
Organic Structures RESEARCH IN ACTION: From Downsizing to Responsible Restructuring
FACTORS INFLUENCING CHOICE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE The Internal Environment The External Environment
Technology The Organizational Life Cycle
TECHNOLOGY Focus On Organizational Size: Are Big Companies Becoming Obsolete? Strategy
Focus On Strategy: Strategic Imperatives for the 21 st Century
SYMPTOMS OF DESIGN DEFICIENCIES Organizational Conflicts
GIANT P&G NEEDS TO CLEAN UP ITS ACT
Procter & Gamble (P&G) is known for products that get out the dirt andleave sinks, clothes, and teeth clean and sparkling. But now, shamed by the competition, the cosmetics and detergents giant itself is having to clean up its act.
