ABSTRACT

Recent decades have seen a significant change in the nature of transport appraisal. These changes relate to the focus of appraisal, the appraisal context and the extent to which stakeholders are involved in appraisal and the wider decision-making process (Grant-Muller et al., 2001). The focus of appraisal has shifted from one in which a narrow range of concerns was addressed, albeit relatively thoroughly, to one in which a broad range of additional impacts is addressed. Thus, in addition to assessing time, cost and safety impacts, transport appraisal now seeks to address indirect impacts, including those on the environment and wider economic development.