ABSTRACT

RENU, ABHISHEK PARASHAR, SANJAY KUMAR GUPTA, PRAMOD KUMAR SAHU, UPASANA SAHU, HARDESH KUMAR, KHAN MOHAMMAD SARIM, ARVIND GUPTA, and PAWAN KUMAR SHARMA

ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan-275103, Uttar Pradesh, India, E-mail: renuiari@rediffmail.com

Abstract ................................................................................................. 220 7.1 Intellectual Property Rights: An Introduction ............................. 220 7.2 Historical Development in Intellectual Property Protection

Regime (WIPO, WTO, and TRIPS) ............................................. 221 7.3 Trends and Advances in Microbiology and Biotechnology ......... 224 7.4 Patent Regime in Microbiology .................................................. 224 7.5 The Global Scenario..................................................................... 225 7.6 The Indian Scenario ..................................................................... 229 7.7 Conclusion ................................................................................... 237 Keywords .............................................................................................. 238 References ............................................................................................. 238

ABSTRACT

Scientific inventions in the field of microbiology and biotechnology are the most happening in today’s world. There has also been great awareness in protection and promotion of economic and commercial interests. Besides, there has been a quantum jump in research and development (R&D) costs in various sectors, including biotechnology and microbiology, along with an associated jump in investments required for commercializing a new technology. Hence, the developers of technology require high stakes, and in turn, the need to protect the knowledge from unlawful use has become expedient, at least for a period, that would ensure recovery of the R&D and other associated costs and adequate profits for continuous investments in R&D. Intellectual property rights (IPR) is a strong tool to protect investments, time, money, and effort invested by the inventor/creator of an IP, because it grants the inventor/creator an exclusive right for a certain period of time for use of his invention/creation. Thus, IPR helps in strengthening the economy of a country by promoting healthy competition and encouraging industrial development and economic growth.