Klein’s development of her view of splitting of the ego, unconscious phantasy, and projective identification, and especially of emotional experience in the paranoid-schizoid position, opened up the way for further modifications in analytic technique and the possibility of working with new groups of patients. Thus, further questions about the direction of development of psychoanalytic theory and practice were taken up by her followers.

From early in the history of psychoanalysis, the Dora case provoked interest in why some patients appear to resist the process of psychoanalysis. How did Klein’s new ideas help to open up possibilities for people who seem untouched by classical interpretations?