ABSTRACT
Plane frames are planar structures consisting of a number of individual members connected together at joints. The members are usually subjected to both axial force and bending actions, and are often described as beam-columns, with beams (no axial forces), and columns (no bending actions) being the limiting cases. The flexural-torsional buckling behaviour of individual isolated members was discussed in Chapters 5 (columns), 7 and 9 (beams and cantilevers), and 11 (beamcolumns).
