ABSTRACT
This chapter considers what happens during the drafting and passing of legislation. It focuses on the intersection of policy instruments and target populations, including how power influences options in the political process. Policy tools can set the tone and design of policy and can punish or reward. They can also realign systems. Incentives or inducements are policy tools that encourage positive behavior, often money or privileges. Capacity-building policy tools are a provision of support in terms of money, training, and services. Systems-changing policies are a very different type of policy tool. Policy design is not just a matter of tools but also who the target of the policy is. In times of policy alignment, a state or federal legislature might pass a series of individual laws with the intent of a bigger vision of change. This broader vision can be considered metapolicy.
