ABSTRACT
The developments in geoinformatics combined with the increasing ubiquity of mobile computing devices have driven the development of modern location-based services (LBS) such as mobile games, navigation assistance, personal security, emergency response, vehicle and asset tracking, environmental monitoring, and mobile commerce. This chapter focuses on positioning and tracking techniques supporting LBS (e.g., Global Positioning System). Key to the successful development and uptake of LBS is the availability of an accurate and reliable position solution that can be readily embedded in the mobile computing devices. The GLONASS control segment comprises the System Control Centre located in Moscow and the telemetry and tracking stations located across the Russian territory. The location techniques represent other positioning sensors based on various physical media employed, commonly used in location tracking. These systems are most commonly used for indoor positioning and tracking, but some of them can be also used outdoors.
