ABSTRACT
Stomach tolerance is somewhat dependent on species – dogs are a prime example here, being both prone to emesis and very sensitive systemically to cationic surfactants. Dermal administration may have one of two objectives: either to deliver the drug to a region of the skin or to deliver the therapeutic through the skin. Systemic delivery through the skin is generally intended primarily to bypass first-pass metabolism and/or to achieve gradual delivery over a protracted period of time. The buccal and sublingual routes have become increasingly popular for the administration of therapeutics. The inhalation route has been a limited one for therapeutics – primarily used for drugs to treat respiratory disorders, such as asthma, respiratory infections, and cystic fibrosis. Most therapeutics administered by the vaginal route have functions associated with reproduction or regional issues such as menstrual cramps and vaginal infections. The usual therapeutic objectives for delivery limited to the skin are skin limited diseases – acne, psoriasis, and atypical dermatitis.
