ABSTRACT
Our planet earth is in peril due to severe climatic changes. A growing population coupled with urbanization has resulted in unprecedented problems for our cities. Unless we take urgent measures, these problems will result in catastrophic consequences. The increase in population with ever-increasing demands for energy has resulted in energy crises all over the world. The current use of fossil fuels, which may be depleted in another 40-50 years, has resulted in the release of huge amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs), especially carbon dioxide, which is harmful to the environment. The unmindful use of resources has also resulted in huge amounts of waste products, and we have developed only a few reliable and safe methods to dispose of or recycle them. Landfills in many countries are overflowing, resulting in many pollution problems.
