This chapter critically engages with Michel Foucault’s biopower analytic as an apt conceptual framework to account for the endurance of race and racism and their functioning within modern states. Moreover, the chapter revisits this biopower analytic in terms of modern sex and sexuality, which has been undertheorized in the frame of the biopower thesis, and in terms of sexual differentiation, which remains largely unthought by Foucault. Sex, sexuality, and sexual differentiation, as recent scholarship has shown, not only established hegemonic notions of femininity and masculinity, but were also crafted in terms of the production of race difference.