ABSTRACT
Results on radiation-induced cancer in humans are inadequate to establish a dose–effect relationship for all types of cancer. The primary sources of human data are from the following:
Populations of Hiroshima and Nagasaki who were exposed to single whole-body exposure during atomic bombardment in World War II; incidence of cancer — 1/104 persons; primary cancers include leukemia, thyroid, breast, and lung.
Patients who were treated with ionizing radiation for non-neoplastic diseases; this generally involves local irradiation with fractionated doses: ankylosing spondylitis — primary cancer includes leukemia; tuberculosis — breast cancer; tinea capititis — thyroid cancer.
Patients who received diagnostic radiation; primary cancer includes leukemia.
Patients of cancer who survived more than 5 years after the completion of therapy involving radiation and chemotherapy; primary cancers include breast and thyroid cancers and leukemia.
Marshall islanders, exposed to atomic fallout; primary cancers include thyroid cancer.
Uranium miners; primary cancers include lung cancer.
