ABSTRACT
In this chapter, I focus on the new generation of fathers called ikumen (“child caring dads”) in contemporary Japan. First, I will explain how demographic changes and family policies have contributed to the rise of ikumen. Second, I will discuss the effects of social aging on the emergence of new fatherhood. When it comes to raising children, social aging can be considered both as a problem and opportunity for the younger parents. It is problematic because of the possibility of “double care” (child and elder care at the same time) for young adults, and the lack of assistance for childcare from one’s own parents who are likely to continue to work even after retirement. All of this provides opportunities for younger parents to share childcare responsibilities between them. That is, if grandparents cannot be counted on for childcare, then young fathers and mothers must come up with an alternative planning of who cares for their children. Given the shortage of daycare centers, one solution is for fathers to participate in childcare more frequently, thus increasing an opportunity for younger parents to engage in shared parenting. Finally, I will explain how the post-bubble generation of Japanese men has adopted this new role of fatherhood.
