This chapter integrates the Chaldean narrative into the wider context of modern Iraqi history and builds on established scholarship. I outline the process of Iraqi state formation and as to where the Chaldeans perceived themselves to fit in the new social order. I note the four major stages in Iraqi political history from 1921–2003 (Mandate/Monarchy, Republican era, Baathist, post-2003 new Iraq) and as to where and how the Chaldeans placed themselves in these contexts whilst retaining awareness of the consistent themes which characterised their relationships with the state and key stakeholders such as the Kurds, other Christian communities, Shia and Sunni religious elites. I conclude with the status quo of the Chaldeans immediately prior to the 2003 invasion and highlight the circumstances surrounding the Coalition’s decision to invade Iraq.