ABSTRACT
This chapter looks at three distinct theoretical traditions of liberalism, attributable to three theorists: Schumpeter, a brilliant explicator of the liberal pacifism the president invoked; Machiavelli, a classical republican whose glory is an imperialism we often practice; and Kant. The discrepancy between the warlike history of liberal states and Schum-peter's pacifistic expectations highlights three extreme assumptions. First, his "materialistic monism" leaves little room for noneconomic objectives, whether espoused by states or individuals. Second, and relatedly, the same is true for his states. Third, like domestic politics, world politics are homogenized. Modern liberalism carries with it two legacies. The first of these legacies is the pacification of foreign relations among liberal states. Liberalism also carries with it a second legacy: international "imprudence". The historical liberal legacy is laden with popular wars fought to promote freedom, to protect private property, or to support liberal allies against nonliberal enemies.
