ABSTRACT
This chapter explains that contemporary Jewish critics of Israel and Zionism are produced by increasingly fragmented and decentralised Jewish Diasporas. Jewish critics of the State of Israel and Zionism are an unusual phenomenon. Jewish critics of Israel and Zionism often translate discomfort and alienation with their communities into political activism. The Jewish Labour Bund was one prominent example of a political movement that rivalled Zionist groups and parties in the pre-War period. Jewish critics of Israel have established organisations, forged alliances with Palestinian solidarity groups, taken part in mass protests and rallies and engaged in transnational boycotts and sanctions. Jewish critics of Israel and Zionism are part of a social movement. Culturally, Jewish criticism of Israel is seen as 'Jewish Judeophobia', a condition supposedly resulting from the strong influence of the non-Jewish environment and the weakening sway of the Jewish heritage.
