ABSTRACT
In clinical practice and community medicine, and in public health as well, we reason and make decisions in four particular domains: (1) assessing risk (probability of new phenomena) in the individual patient and in the community; (2) detection and diagnosis of disease and other phenomena in individuals and their groups (sporadicity, epidemicity, endemicity, and pandemicity); (3) choosing, implementing, and evaluating success and failures of clinical treatment, prevention, and other active interventions; and (4) forecasting and evaluating potential and real outcomes of health phenomena of interest.
