Building on the literature on attitudes towards inequality and the left-right schema, this chapter analyses cross-national survey data to investigate how opinions on the gap between rich and poor have affected individual ideological placements. Specifically, it is tested whether (1) citizens are more likely to identify with the left in societies with higher levels of inequality; and (2) whether high inequality strengthens the association between redistribution preferences and ideological orientations. Western and Asian countries are compared to explore regional variations on the salience of this relationship.