It is often claimed that humanity needs more innovation in order to depart from unsustainable practices that degrade ecosystems, although opinions as to what may constitute such innovation diverge. The starting argument of this chapter is that sustainable value of innovation essentially depends on the knowledge on which this innovation is based. Inspired by permaculture, an ecological design framework and a trans-local grassroots movement, several moves from weak to strong sustainability innovation are suggested. The first move is relearning – from the universal knowledge of global markets, science and technology towards place-based and alternative knowledges that are found, for example, in many indigenous cultures or grassroots movements for sustainability. Other moves include mindful recombining of these different knowledges, embedding of human activities in local places, regenerating ecosystems, and frugalising – making do with fewer resources. As long as strong sustainability can be considered as a viable objective for humanity to strive for, we can conclude that innovation is necessary in its pursuit. Such innovation would involve reinvention of age-old methods and technologies that were used ‘before oil’, and importantly, social innovation that enables transition to less resource-intensive and less technological-dependent practices.