ABSTRACT

Kidney transplant decreases morbidity and mortality among patients with kidney failure, but exchanges the problems of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) for those of chronic immunosuppression.

Types of immunosuppression include antibodies (daclizumab, basiliximab, thymoglobulin, and OKT3), calcineurin blockers (cyclosporine and tacrolimus), steroids, mTOR inhibitors (sirolimus and everolimus), and antimetabolites (mycophenolate mofetil).

Renovascular hypertension is hypertension resulting from a renal arterial lesion that is relieved by correction of the offending lesion or removal of the kidney. The hypertension is related to increased angiotensin expression.

The prevalence of renovascular hypertension among the general hypertensive population is 0.5–5%.

At least 70% of renovascular lesions are atherosclerotic.

Other types of lesions include intimal fibroplasia, medial fibroplasia, perimedial fibroplasia, and fibromuscular hyperplasia.

Treatment for renovascular hypertension includes medical management, angioplasty, angioplasty with stent, and surgical revascularization.