This chapter addresses the problem of nationalities in the work of early anarchist geographers at the Age of Empire. It presents Mikhail Dragomanov's geographical proposals for Ukrainian national liberation. The chapter addresses Pëtr Kropotkin's ideas on Finland as a 'rising nationality'. It also presents Elisée Reclus's relations with a South-American republic decolonized during the nineteenth century, Brazil. This Ukrainian socialist federalism was explained in an internationalist journal then edited by Reclus and Perron together with a group of Russian and Slavic exiles, where Dragomanov analysed the oppression of Ukrainian peasants and proposed his idea of a free federation where local and national identities could co-exist in a cosmopolitan context. Kropotkin's paper on Finland as a nation was published in 1885 for the popular British journal The Nineteenth Century. Between 1888 and 1889, the abolition of slavery and the transformation of Brazil in a federalist republic led Reclus to change completely his mind on the possible geopolitical role of the country.