This chapter explores the nature of preparation for performance with a particular focus on the use of routines before, during and after performance. It examines the nature of Pre-performance routines (PPRs), what they are, how they impact upon performance and crucially how to go about developing effective routines. Despite the considerable research attention exploring the effectiveness of PPRs on performance, few studies have investigated behavioral or psychological routines undertaken after performance execution. Numerous hypotheses have been developed to explain the roles that PPRs play in helping individuals achieve higher levels of performance. An exciting recent development in research on the use of PPRs has focused on hemispheric activation and the impact that PPRs can have upon this type of neural activity. Imagery has also been suggested to be a key psychological skill integrated into PPRs. Frequently occurring psychological components included relaxation, also ‘psyching up’, positive self-talk and related imagery mechanisms.