ABSTRACT
Since the dawn of civilization, humankind has been inventing ways to answer the simple question: “Where am I?” One of the primary ways this question has been answered, both at sea and on land, has been by gazing up at the celestial confi guration above and using the position of the stars as a way to position ourselves down on earth. For thousands of years, humankind has looked up at the sky for guidance and has followed the path illuminated by the stars; the paths of the sky guided our paths upon earth. The launching of the satellites that comprise the Global Positioning System (GPS) has brought the ancient tradition of seeking guidance from above into the digital era.
