This chapter defines the dimensions of the scale-up problem and illustrates possible approaches to achieving practical solutions to real problems. Scale-up is as straightforward as choosing the value of the process parameter that gives the same or desired result. Following this incorrect line of reasoning, process scale-up might be considered as simple as choosing the same value of the process parameter for the larger process. A commonly observed example of this fallacy is mixing a product for 10 minutes in pilot plant at some speed and then incorrectly using the same mixing time and speed for the full-scale process. The validity of the scale-up rule can be verified by converting the cooking times printed on turkey labels to the parameter. The parameter that has the same value for both experimental turkeys is the primary scale-up criterion. Before proceeding further with “real” examples, there are other requirements of scale-up which do not appear in the turkey cooking problem.