ABSTRACT
This chapter introduces several important scanning techniques in biomedical imaging, including computational tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine, ultrasound, fluoroscopy and cryo-electronic microscopy. It reviews the retrospective on 3D medical imaging followed by the mechanism of each scanning technique. Medical imaging has been aimed at providing clinicians and physicians with the ability to see through the body, and to diagnose the patient’s condition. In addition to the CT and MRI scanning techniques, nuclear imaging and volumetric ultrasound were developed. X-ray CT is one of the most popular techniques of 3D medical imaging. The chapter describes the techniques used to scan the microstructure of polycrystalline materials like electron backscatter diffraction and high-energy X-rays. CT uses X-rays to scan the objects like the human body, and the resulting images provide anatomical structure. CT’s primary benefit is the ability to separate anatomical structures at different depths within the body.
