ABSTRACT
Manetho says that the Thirteenth Dynasty consisted of sixty Diospolite kings. According to Manetho, the Thirteenth Dynasty was Theban, the Fourteenth Xoite, the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Hyksos, and the Seventeenth Hyksos and Theban. Together they comprise a Second Intermediate period, the dates of which fall in the Old Babylonian period in Mesopotamian history. According to Manetho, the Fourteenth Dynasty consisted of seventy-six Xoite kings. The “chiefs of foreign lands” seem to have established themselves as rulers in Egypt at the beginning of the Fifteenth Dynasty, when, Manetho says, Egypt was taken by Shepherd Kings. Manetho speaks of the Sixteenth Dynasty as consisting of thirty-two Shepherd Kings and of the Seventeenth Dynasty as including both forty-three Shepherd Kings and also forty-three kings of Diospolis. Manetho gives no names of the numerous Diospolite or Theban kings he mentions along with the many Shepherd Kings in the Seventeenth Dynasty.
