This chapter identifies the polymeric composition for synthesis of a hemodialysis membrane. It describes the physical characterization of membranes and the associated materials and methods. Protein adsorption tests are vital for blood dialysis membranes. Permeability of a membrane indicates the water flux through it per unit area per unit time per unit of pressure applied. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is one of the most sophisticated instruments that are used for analyzing membrane structure and morphology. The cell metabolic activity gives an idea regarding leaching of toxic chemicals or the occurrence of any adverse reaction near or on the surface of the substrate. The dichloro-dihydrofuran-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay was utilized to measure the levels of oxidative stress generated in the cellular microenvironment during exposure to the membranes. A blood cell aggregation study was carried out to measure the changes in the surface property of blood cells.