ABSTRACT
The social sciences became a tool neither of ideology nor utopia but of analysis and struggle. There have been three waves of social scientific migration to the United States in the twentieth century. The first, from Russia, was a fifty-year outflow of intellectuals—from Pitirim Sorokin to Vasily Leontief to Alexander Solzhenitsyn—as a consequence of the communist tyranny. The second was from Germany and Austria, a forced migration of the cream of Jewish social scientists—too numerous to list—as a result of Nazism. The third great migration of social scientists in this century has been from Cuba. The historians were crucial in establishing the baseline, the source, of Cuban democracy. In recent years, the Cuban exile community and its social scientists have broadened their analytic scope with greater sophistication and meaning to all students of development and political culture. They have done so, until recently, with remarkably little institutional and foundation support.
