ABSTRACT
In aqueous media, biocatalysts often show low overall volumetric productivities due to limited substrate solubility and/or inhibition by substrate and/or product (Michielsen et al., 1999a). Multi-phase systems are generally applied to increase overall substrate solubility and to reduce substrate and/or product inhibition; a second (or third) phase serves as a substrate reservoir or product sink. Other advantages of such systems are that biocatalytic production and downstream processing are integrated, and that high product concentrations can be gained as the product accumulates (mainly) in one phase.
