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Chapter
Chapter
Strategies of Importation of Foreign Literature in France in the Twentieth Century
DOI link for Strategies of Importation of Foreign Literature in France in the Twentieth Century
Strategies of Importation of Foreign Literature in France in the Twentieth Century book
Strategies of Importation of Foreign Literature in France in the Twentieth Century
DOI link for Strategies of Importation of Foreign Literature in France in the Twentieth Century
Strategies of Importation of Foreign Literature in France in the Twentieth Century book
ABSTRACT
This chapter analyzes the role of one specific publisher, Gallimard, which during the twentieth century concentrated the highest amount of symbolic capital in France. The conjuncture was also characterized by the opening of the geographical borders to the non-Western world, by the growing hegemony of the United States, and the waning hegemony of France. After English, German has been the main source language for translations into French, but it was outstripped in the late 1990s by Italian and indeed even by Japanese. The war and the German Occupation in France interrupted the movement of translation, as the number of translations into French fell to 119 in 1941. The primary objective behind the creation of the PEN Club in 1921 was to defend intellectual values against nationalism by bringing together writers devoted to peace and freedom. The nationalization and vernacularization of literature were linked directly to the industrialization of publishing and to the spread of literacy and education.
