ABSTRACT
Development of complex three dimensional FEM models to analyze lining behavior can be of major profit, when risks of design can be better understood and mitigated. Observations and measurements of shield driven tunnel linings in soft soils have shown that the need for more advanced models has increased. These models have to predict the tunnel-lining behavior not only in serviceability stage, but also during construction of the lining. While developing the complex FEM models, a strategy is needed to realize and calibrate the model. This strategy describes requirements for the model and how to fulfill them. Requirements apply to e.g. joint behaviour. This paper deals with the strategy to realize and calibrate complex 3D FEM models, as well as the results of a practical implementation of the strategy. These models are able to predict lining behavior far more accurate than common practice models. Results of numerical analyses of lining behavior during are presented. Extended understanding of lining behavior and damage appearance during construction are resulting from the new strategy.
