This chapter examines student communication behaviors that promote participation and engagement in classroom and linkages to learning. It deals with specific knowledge claims, theoretical questions for future research, and recommendations for instructors to consider when hoping to engage students in classroom learning. How a teacher communicates and behaves in classroom has also been found to be related to student participation. According to Rocca's review of classroom participation, digital natives respond positively to creative and technological methods their instructors utilize as interactive learning tools. The factors that influence participation can generally be divided into environmental factors such as class size, teacher behaviors, and student characteristics. Teachers who utilize work sample analyses to determine student engagement and motivation to learn focus on their students' use of higher order thinking and metacognitions in their approach to classroom tasks and assignments. Scholars have utilized numerous methods to measure their conceptualizations of student engagement: self-report, direct observations, work sample analysis, and focused case studies.