This chapter examines key foundational federal legislation and explores contemporary issues. Students come to school with various physical, psychological, and social-emotional challenges that impact learning and eclipse their abilities to develop. Central office configurations often include an entire division broadly encompassing student support services in which specialized programs are coordinated. The role of schools in supporting student success requires broad thinking and an expansive approach to what strategies are offered. Student Services provides a wide-range of required federal services meeting many individual needs of children. The provisions of the Equal Educational Opportunities Act have served as a valuable tool for language minority students who have experienced discrimination based on language. Social and emotional learning can be defined as the efforts made by educators to develop the intrapersonal and interpersonal foundationa competencies that children need to evolve into productive adults. Trauma-informed practices serve to support children given the challenges they have experienced.