This chapter proposes Arthur Schopenhauer's worldview as wholly naturalistic through an analysis of his metaphysics of will. It establishes the religious aspects of Schopenhauer's system by offering a critical reading of his aesthetic theory. The chapter considers Schopenhauer's concepts of aesthetic contemplation and the sublime through the lens of Donald Crosby's theoretical criteria for religious ultimacy. A generous reading of Schopenhauer's aesthetic theory in relation to Crosby's concept of religious ultimacy provides a possible foundation for an interpretation of Schopenhauer's philosophy as not merely vaguely religious. It suggests that Schopenhauer's philosophy resembles a kind of naturalism that is neither original nor radical. Schopenhauer would come to view Immanuel Kant as most important philosopher of the modern age and, perhaps even more so than any of his contemporaries, his philosophical system would be heavily influenced by Kant's transcendental idealism as well as his aesthetics.