This chapter is a broad stroke painting of technical translation in twenty-first-century China with a focus on written technical translation from English to Chinese and from Chinese to English. It introduces the important issues for the field of technical translation in China, available resources, and future directions. The chapter focuses on technical translation with a modified version of Byrne's definition: 'Technical translation is a type of specialized translation that deals with language, technology and technological texts in a technical domain to perform a specific communicative function'. The rise of localisation was closely intertwined with both the opening of the international market for personal computers in the 1980s and the Internet and the globalisation of commerce and businesses in the 1990s. Many scholars in technical communication and technical translation also consider this connection highly important for the development of both fields. The developments of technical translation, localisation and technical communication in China have all responded well to industry demands.