ABSTRACT
Some of the best speakers are those who appear to be speaking in a spontaneous fashion. For the speaker who wishes to read his presentation from notes or a script, planning is essential. For the person who wishes to appear more spontaneous, planning is even more essential. Planning is about knowing what one is doing and what one is trying to achieve. One way to plan is to answer a series of questions. Traditionally in the modernist era, the visual reinforcement has been through the use of literalist images as part of the presentation graphics. In a more postmodernist presentation, there is scope for both images that are more abstract and for the use of physical objects. One can use a variety of ways to reinforce key messages within the talk itself. Changes in pitch, volume and pace can always be used as reinforcement, as can the dramatic pause.
